Pregunta de Humanities and their Technologies #019e354a
Bertrand Russell tells the story of a turkey who discovered, on his first morning on the turkey farm, that he had been fed at 9 a.m. However, he didn't jump to conclusions. He waited until he had gathered a large number of observations of the fact that he was fed at 9 a.m., and he made these observations under a wide variety of circumstances: on Wednesdays and Thursdays, on hot days and cold days, on rainy days and dry days. Each day he added another observation to his list. Finally, his conscience was satisfied, and he concluded, "I am always fed at 9 a.m."
What type of reasoning corresponds to the thought pattern displayed by the character in the text?
It's practical because it gathers evidence and recommends actions.
Absolute, because it seeks confirmation and blocks refutations.
Inductive, because it observes particular events and infers universal laws.
It is demonstrative because it links premises and draws indisputable conclusions.
Analog, because it compares different situations and detects similar elements.
Explicación Oficial / Explicaciones de la Comunidad
Analysis of Russell's Text on Peru
The correct answer is option A. C) Inductive, because it observes particular events and infers universal laws.
1. The Peruvian Reasoning Pattern
The text describes a very methodical thought process, which can be divided into stages:
- Observation of a Particular Fact: The turkey notes that it was fed at 9 a.m. on a specific day. 2. Collection of Multiple Evidence: He doesn't generalize from a single case. He repeats the observation many, many times, in various circumstances (days of the week, weather conditions). He is collecting a series of particular facts. 3. Inference from a General Law: After accumulating a large number of particular observations that point to the same conclusion, he makes a logical leap and infers a general rule, or a "universal law," for his world: "I am always "fed at 9 am".
2. The Definition of Inductive Reasoning
This generalization from particular cases is the essence of inductive reasoningInduction is the method by which one starts from specific premises (observations) to arrive at a general conclusion. It is the foundation of the empirical scientific method: we observe phenomena repeatedly and, from them, formulate laws of nature.
The story told by Bertrand Russell is, in fact, the most famous illustration of induction problemNo matter how many times an event has been observed in the past, there is no logical guarantee that it will continue to happen in the future. (In the original story, the turkey is killed on Christmas Eve, tragically refuting its "universal law").
3. Evaluation of Other Alternatives
- A) Practical, because it gathers evidence and recommends actions: Incorrect. The turkey doesn't recommend actions; it formulates a belief about how the world works. * B) Absolute, because it seeks confirmation and blocks refutations: Incorrect. "Absolute" is not a type of reasoning. The turkey seeks confirmation, but that is a characteristic of the inductive method. * D) Demonstrative, because it links premises and draws indisputable conclusions: Incorrect. "Demonstrative" refers to deductive reasoning, where the conclusion is logically necessary and certain if the premises are true. The turkey's conclusion is anything but indubitable. * E) Analogical, because it compares different situations and detects similar elements: Incorrect. Although analogy is a type of induction, the turkey's reasoning goes beyond simple comparison. He not only compares the days, he generalize from them to create a universal rule, which is the most accurate definition of induction.
4. Conclusion
The thought pattern displayed by the character is a classic example of inductive reasoningbecause he observes a series of particular events to infer a universal law that governs his reality.