Questão de Languages, Codes and their Technologies #019e354a
É fundamentalmente no Minho, norte de Portugal, que o cavaquinho aparece como instrumento tipicamente popular, ligado às formas essenciais da música característica dessa província. O cavaquinho minhoto tem escala rasa com o tampo, o que facilita a prática do “rasqueado”. O cavaquinho chega ao Brasil diretamente de Portugal, e o modelo brasileiro é maior do que a sua versão portuguesa, com uma caixa de ressonância mais funda. Semelhante ao cavaquinho minhoto, o machete, ou machetinho madeirense, é um pequeno cordófono de corda dedilhada, que faz parte da grande e diversificada família das violas de mão portuguesas. O ukulele tem a sua origem no século XIX, tendo como ancestrais o braguinha (ou machete) e o rajão, instrumentos levados pelos madeirenses quando eles emigraram para o Havaí.
The combination of these musical practices demonstrates that the instruments mentioned in the text
They reflect the dependence on the use of European raw materials.
They adapt their characteristics to each culture, taking on a new identity.
They demonstrate Portuguese hegemony in the invention of plucked string instruments.
They illustrate processes of cultural domination, highlighting situations of cultural clash.
They maintain their own nomenclature to ensure fidelity to the original manufacturing methods.
Explicação Oficial / Explicações da Comunidade
Analysis of the Evolution of Musical Instruments
The correct answer is option A. B) They adapt their characteristics to each culture, assuming a new identity.
1. The Central Theme: Migration and Cultural Adaptation
The text describes the journey of a group of stringed instruments originating from Portugal and how they transformed upon being introduced to new cultures. The narrative's guiding thread is not permanence, but rather... change and the adaptation.
Let's follow the path of the instruments:
- Origin in Portugal: The text establishes the cavaquinho as a popular instrument from Minho, Portugal, with specific characteristics (shallow scale). 2. Adaptation in Brazil: Upon arriving in Brazil, the instrument does not remain identical. It is modified to adapt to the new musical and cultural context: it becomes "bigger" and with a **"deeper sound chamber"**He adapts. 3. Adaptation in Hawaii: Instruments related to the cavaquinho (the braguinha/machete and the rajão) were brought to Hawaii by Portuguese immigrants. There, they not only adapted but gave rise to a completely new instrument, with a new identity and a new name: the ukulele.
This process of change and reinvention in each new location is the essence of the text.
2. Evaluation of Other Alternatives
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A) They reflect the dependence on the use of European raw materials: Incorrect. The text makes no mention of the materials used in the making of the instruments, whether in Europe or elsewhere.
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C) They demonstrate Portuguese hegemony in the invention of plucked string instruments: Incorrect. Although the text shows Portuguese influence in the creation of these specific instruments, it does not provide data to assert a "hegemony" (absolute dominance) in the invention of all stringed instruments. That would be an overgeneralization.
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D) They illustrate processes of cultural domination, highlighting situations of cultural clash: Incorrect. The text describes a process of cultural exchange and fusion, not domination or clash. The adaptation of the instruments suggests a creative reception and integration by the new culture, not an imposition.
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E) They maintain their own nomenclature to ensure fidelity to the original manufacturing methods: Incorrect. This alternative is directly contradicted by the example of the ukulele, which received a new nomenclature in Hawaii, and by the Brazilian cavaquinho, which, despite keeping the name, did not remain loyal to the original method of preparation.
3. Conclusion
The set of musical practices described demonstrates that instruments are dynamic cultural elements. As they travel the world, they are not merely copied, but are reinterpreted, modified, and adapted, resulting in new physical characteristics and, at times, completely new identities, as in the case of the ukulele.